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Global warming

This is a big problem that we are all suffering in recent times. Many do not really know what this is all about, but that is nothing more than the normal temperature rise on Earth due to several factors, among which we find the use of fossil fuels and other processes leading to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. But all that trouble comes from nature, but also involving the human activity that contributes greatly to the change in temperature which produces all this climate change.

Perhaps

say, what is strange about all this if the climate has always changed? Sure, that's true, but the changes that recently had an abnormal accelerated to such an extent that it is affecting life on this planet. When you wanted to find the cause of this acceleration, the scientists agreed that this could be a direct relationship between global warming and greenhouse gases, caused mainly by industrialized societies.

really is a matter of concern because much of the scientific society has been commissioned to study and control it, because they say it endangers the future of all humanity.

Many scientists agree that all this increase in gases in Earth's atmosphere is causing changes in climate. They also tell us that everything was growing from the Industrial Revolution, where the action performed by man over nature is intensified.

global warming, as we have noticed, is related to the greenhouse effect. But that does not indicate that these two are the same. The second allows that there is life on Earth. This is due to a number of gases found in the atmosphere thus causing some heat from the Sun than our planet shows that 'caught' while the global average temperature (+15 ° C), which is favorable to life.

Thus, as for millions of years, this natural phenomenon on Earth remained a relatively stable temperature and allowed life to develop further.

Now, the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are rising rapidly, as a result of the world's people (ie us) burn greater amounts of fossil fuels, in turn destroying forests, grasslands, etc., because that would somehow favor, since they are who absorb carbon dioxide maintained at equilibrium temperature. But no, we do just the opposite. Instead of promoting all that, we are becoming darker and damaging.

response, the international scientific community has sent a warning that if the global development, population growth and consumption energy based on fossil fuels, are increasing the pace now, by 2050, carbon dioxide concentrations will have been played at double what it was before the revolution n Industrial. We must be vigilant and deal with all this, it could cause serious consequences for planetary life.

The international community is reacting and therefore created the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988. This panel consists of experts from around the world and the end of its creation is to inform world leaders of scientific, technical and economic information on climate change, its impact and possible solutions. Apart

also find the Kyoto Protocol, which may already have heard but not quite know what it is. As this is a pact reached by the various governments in the United Nations Conference held in Paris, located in Japan, in 1997. Its aim was to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by developed countries approximately 5.2%. Now, it's a total of 141 countries that have ratified the pact. This is the first legally binding global agreement to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.

worth mentioning the repeated refusal of the United States, the world's largest polluter, to sign the Kyoto treaty on the grounds that it affects their economíay omitted to include some countries like China, with a growing industrializacióny greenhouse gas emissions.

The last ten years have been the warmest since records are kept and as stated previously, scientists announced that the future will be much hotter still.

While we know that without the greenhouse gases our planet congelaríay nothing could live in it, we add the pollutants produced by humans which leads to a greater accumulation of gases in the atmosphere.

People living in developed countries, contribute greater than those living in other nations in the developing and least developed even if they are sub.

the situation goes on like this, next year the global temperature will rise by one degree Celsius, which may seem insignificant when in fact it is not.

As the Earth warms, the ice caps are melting. And not just in those places, because here in our nation has been able to appreciate the Huascaran has also been thawed. Point beyond all that, when the sun's heat reaches the poles, the heat is reflected back into space, this tells me, that melting ice caps, the amount of heat will reflect less and causing the planet to get warmer. Global warming will cause ocean water to evaporate more. And that water vapor acts as a greenhouse gas. That is, with everything mentioned so far will be further warming.

The United Nations Panel (IPCC) provided a report in 1990 where he declares that to get to be a doubling of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) temperature and no amount , at 1 ° C, but 2.5 ° C.

Can you imagine what would happen if this happens? Definitely induced effects would be very serious. For example, while the ice caps are melting, sea level rise, in turn lead to flood some areas that in themselves are low, and may cause the disappearance of nations in the Paci traffic and other Asia. Now on the other hand, while the atmospheric energy balance is changing, changes in world climate will be even more drastic causing larger variations in temperature, which would lead to a change of seasons.

So you are looking for a way to balance the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at a level that prevents the climate system interventions, not only with respect to nature, but also No man. Well, it is in us that we become aware of it, otherwise what will become of us?

nations is needed to measure their greenhouse gases, and begin to take action or change their transport policies, for example, to contribute to the reduction of the problem at hand. While some powers like the United States, its economy depends on industry or the like, as you see the way that the emission of these gases is less, because that is the country that unfortunately pollutes greater extent the world and until now continues to do so. Although Americans represent only 4% of world population, produce 25% of the pollution emission of greenhouse gases, surpassing the level of emissions from other nations. In itself, the United States _{emits more CO 2} that China, India and Japan combined (which are also world powers). It is clear, then the U.S. should take the lead in this change to give a solution to this problem. Resorting to policies that serve and help them to realize their inhabitants.

We as citizens can also contribute to this change in various ways: by reducing the use of motor vehicles, using public transportation and bicycles, using appliances that are more efficient energy consumption and so on. Do not forget to preserve genetic diversity, species and ecosystems that also has an important role in this.

global warming really is an issue we should worry seriously, it is a very complex phenomenon and the impacts produced on a large scale are difficult to predict with any certainty. Perhaps a good thing is that every year scientists have more on the way in which this phenomenon is affecting the planet and many agree that certain consequences would occur by itself an if we continue like that. Among them: further melting glaciers, droughts which will cause more water shortages, rising sea levels cause flooding, forests, farms and cities will face new pests and therefore, there will be more diseases will be a condition of habitats, among others.

But still we are or not in time to reverse the effects of global warming?

Well. We know the planet from its beginnings never left mutate, since the times of the ice ages to warmer stages. However, all these changes have always been very slow to no living being had been able to perceive. All this until he Industrial Revolution as we know. From that event onwards know what happened. The industry grew rapidly in surprise and one time we took months to cross the Atlantic and then we did it in four or five hours. One day the war was with guns, and the next it was with atomic bombs. For those without access to safe drinking water, which no access to basic health services, for which poisoned the water of the poor to produce luxury goods for the rich, because for them it is not time.

last Now a study of the NGO which reported that climate change related disasters, ranging from droughts to floods, would cause that in 2010 there in the world around 50 million environmentally displaced. For them, we are not on time.

But man, being a thinking, has managed to cover every area of the planet, has managed to survive and adapt to climate changes over the years, and is likely to survive even a change. What we must realize is that the decisions we make now will determine the amount of people that survive and weather conditions in which they must exist.

not think individually, do not say now that we enjoy our lives as we can. Learn to think as they must, to become aware. Sacrifice part of our welfare for those generations to come in our place. Or do we want to the 'welcome' to a place that can affect your life? It is true that we young people are not yet even half the way we have to go, but we are able to analyze things and acquire a critical, we have experienced something of our life, now let's think future. If we give you the best as we begin to act, not wait until last minute that all this is complicated even further to just start taking action.

If we act, then act now.

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Peru and the APEC Summit and EU-LAC

"Responding together with the priorities of our peoples "

During the course of 2008 our country took place in two events of great importance to international and economic: the Presidential Summit EU-LAC (Latin America, Caribbean and the European Union) and the other is the Forum of Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation-APEC PERU 2008 (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) . latter has not yet been made as recently will be held in November.

In 2008 we chairing this event has touched Peru being the headquarters of the major APEC meetings. This in turn will allow us to make known to the world the wonders that has our territory, which allows for somewhat ahead of other South American countries. It also allows us to provide some promotion in the field of business and investment. For the purpose of these meetings we accomplish the objectives, the state with the private sector, civil sector, and others are preparing for these acts have the success we are expecting. You are conducting various training programs and even for people are aware of these events so important to Peru.

The goal with these forums for this year is to reach consensus on a strategy where there is integration to promote development of regions and the profits are shared between them through a Participació n active and steady state governments, private and state institutions, and so on.

EU-LAC first held in 1999 in Rio de Janeiro. That's which agreed to give it the character of this institution have a mechanism for global development. The following meetings have already taken place in 2002, 2004 and 2006 in Madrid, Guadalajara and Vienna, respectively.

The act has already been carried out was precisely this mechanism, held on 16 May this year, attended by over 50 heads of state. Key topics addressed poverty, social exclusion, and could not leave out the environmental problems which also addressed issues about global warming and the environment.

The first topics discussed were the two central themes of the summit. The first relates to the eradication of poverty, inequality, exclusióny development. Also included are additional targets for member countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. For instance, prevent desnutricióny eradicate child malnutrition, achieving universal care for mothers in the making, eradication of illiteracy, little by little, access to water and sewer ETCE tera.

As you say, integration is the best thing you can do a continent. For reference take the European Union, which has only managed to be one arise. So why does not America also?

Leaders after meeting girded commitment to combat poverty, and rising concerns about global food supply.

was agreed that special attention will be given the priority needs of developing member countries of the Andean Community. The next meeting will be held in Madrid in 2010.

initially appeared

A The main topics of the V Summit were to be no agreement because of the rumors that were over by some presidents. However, the tension dropped because in the end all walked down the runway that had been expected. Most of what helped was the format that has prevented the summit because there is some kind of confrontation. Finally, after completion of the work planned format, the leaders came to the conclusion of EU-LAC Peru 2008 and adopted the Declaration of Lima, who collected the substantive issues and made maintenance of previously agreed.

In that document, which consists of fourteen pages, beyond declarative paragraphs, there are issues of great importance that were agreed that benefits us citizens. It is special in regard to policy to be met no later than in 2020.

is no small thing there is this kind of commitment through to the Latin American countries, but could not do much if you do not have enough capital. That's why, that everything would come with financial support because in the paper mentioned the adoption some measures as a "debt for social investment", as cited.

also sealed the commitment to promote the welfare achieve more united. Then it will work for equal opportunities and greater participation.

Another aspect that is reflected there and for us, the Peruvians, it is extremely important, and intercedes for the conclusion next year of negotiations between the EU and the Andean Community to reach agreement taking into account some aspects.

As noted another concern was the rise of food that also earned an important point in the declaration, with the difference that there was no action. When many think he should not be so because they need immediate action to help those countries that are experiencing this problem with greater emphasis and populations have been really affected by this increase.

food shortages, explained in a way because more and more areas for biofuel crops was about debate in certain groups. But that is not reflected in the statement.

also touched on the creation of a project which they called "Euroclima" as a mechanism for exchanging information on climate change in Latin America.

The presidents reaffirmed their commitment to promote the diversification of energy sources. Along with this agreement is the RESEARCH AND support the exchange of knowledge about renewable energy and less intensive in the use of carbon, thus agreeing fomenting some more sustainable consumption patterns.

But other issues may have played, why exactly they chose as its theme of poverty and sustainable development? Here's the answer:

From the Guadalajara Summit in 2004, heads of government have placed poverty, inequality and exclusion in the center of their relationships. The aim is to share experiences, promote best practices, so that in that way can contribute to societies where there is greater equality for all.

Then on the next point we can say that both Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean, development and prosperity of the people depend on the environment in which we, including environmental protection and good use of natural resources. Recognizing this, the EU-LAC Summit agreed in Vienna to start a dialogue that revolves around the environment. Attempts to give special attention in areas such as climate change, energy, and so on.

It is therefore very important to show why the two regions have common interests in developing these points.

With this, we can say that the importance among members of the EU-LAC is that relations have improved with the passage of time, they share different human values, the EU is an important partner in both political and Latin American economic and foreign-led investment and development assistance, among others.

also find additional targets of the Millennium Goals made by countries in Latin America and the Caribbean from which include:

-fight against malnutrition, eradicate desnutricióny prevent child malnutrition, especially in children under 3 years, with the aim of eliminating hunger in those countries serving the right to food by ensuring, in turn, the food security peoples.

-Access to health: Universalize care for pregnant mothers and newborns. And the progressive access to health services.

-Illiteracy: Progressively eradicate illiteracy.

"Better education, universal preschool education, giving a better quality basic education and provide a enlargement, increased coverage and quality of secondary and higher education. Professional-Quality

: Promote professional and vocational education.

-Aguay

drain: universal access to safe water and sanitation. More

-employment: Increasing employment rates and to establish programs that are top professionals.

-Decent housing, improve housing conditions of vulnerable groups of the population.

Parallel to the development of the V Summit of Heads of State, was given the People's Summit was sponsored by political organizations leftists. Its purpose was to discuss the neoliberal economic model, according to its organizers, is implementing the European continent and some other Latin American government. And that's as opposed the V Summit was called by the president as "anti-summit."

The difference between EU-LAC and APEC, is that the latter will bring together 21 countries from America, Asia and Oceania to promote sustainable development and benefit sharing among members.

Regarding APEC, many may think that this meeting did not benefit us impediment in anything that our continent is separated from Asia by the Pacific Ocean. But since there we quote a phrase from Thor Heyerdahl "Oceans do not isolate the people, by contrast, serve to bring them." And as a great example of that quote is what will happen in November, because all that goes far beyond geography.

The important thing is that it would give us a great importance to ensure a better future for children and young people today. What is sought is to be a greater investment, which creates more work, leading to lower unemployment, higher economic growth occurring in the country. Well, there's no way we want to solve our problems if we do not have an economy that is needed to settle it all. That can not come from nowhere if we do not have adequate preparation, because that helps me be a part of this new project if you do not know how to handle it, what to do, how to solve the problems I present . That's why training is being received This is already a big step, because there is nothing better than education. We as young people are the ones who should be better informed on this subject, because in our hands to continue this we will leave, because it is not we start with all this, going as it had a planned and that while under our management is to destroy all that effort was built.

The objective of APEC is the consolidation of a large free trade area. However, as I have said before, no preparation is better not to intervene and in the future will be lost in this topic.

But do we know how all this started? Well. While there was a time where there will be agreements between nations in order to defend himself during the war to each other, this has changed now, because now the objective is to promote community welfare.

Thus, countries that were in the Pacific Rim APEC decided to form in the year 1989, initiated by Italian Prime Minister Robert Hawke. He was a minister who initiated it, as a first these meetings were carried out only by the ministers of each country, at that time were an average of twelve nations that composed it, among which are to: United States, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, New Zealand, South Korea, Canada, Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand and Australia. It's like ten years later he carried out the second summit in Singapore. And a year later was the third summit in Seoul.

During the latter accepted the integration of three countries: Chinese Taipei, China and Hong Kong. Subsequently, in 1993 joined Papua New Guinea and Mexico, thus rising the number of members to fifteen.

The following year, in 1994, Indonesia agreed on the formation of a zone that allows free trade and investment for all economies. This is where you accept the integration of Chile. Later, in 1995, it begins to set the criteria gave way to that project.

Thus with the passing of the years several countries have been integrated, as when he entered they become part of Peru, along with Vietnam and Russia, while performing some analysis on the economic crisis in some areas of Asia. All this happened about 11 years ago. In turn, decide to place certain ten-year moratorium on the acceptance of new countries as members of this forum.

Today there are 21 countries that make up APEC, fitting highlight to Peru and Chile are the only South American member countries, United States, Mexico, Australia, Thailand, among others. These nations are known by the name of countries, but are called "member economies".

Since its inception, APEC brings together top government officials globally through meetings of ministers of state. Without leaving behind the heads of state also began to meet after 1993.

One of the objectives we can mention five of them are considered the most outstanding:

-Sustaining Growth and development of peoples, thus enabling In turn the growth and development of the global economy. -Strengthen

gains regions and countries.

-Development and strengthening the open multilateral system in the interest of the Asia - Pacific.

-Reduction of barriers to trade in goods and services among the participants.

-Promote economic cooperation between the "member economies".

One of the positive things that have this forum, is that decisions are taken by consensus, thus avoiding the influence of developed countries over those in developing countries. Member economies have no penalty for not complying with one of these agreements, as they have all the freedom to handle dates - limit them.

our country's entry this forum is a response to the overwhelming desire we have to strengthen our economic ties with other nations. As they also were the subject of our integration of the new opportunities presented to us for improving our trade and development. It really is an honor for us to be the host of this sixteenth Leaders Summit to be held in our country. This forum gives pass to dialogue and agreement by consensus on where the ideas of all participants are heard and respected in that way will achieve free trade and countless investment opportunities. To be within those countries with a major growth forces us to continue working with more intensity to keep pace with modernity.

Our integration was not easy as many believe, because there are a number of requirements must be met to be part of the Forum. One such factor was that we increased our trade relations with countries in Asia, including China stands out because it became a major buyer of Peruvian minerals. Besides that participate as members of different groups without being formal members of APEC. The great benefit that brought us to the admission was that our status has improved much compared to global conventions. This brings more foreign investment due to the acquired image to the world.

Among the benefits that APEC provides are: the reduction of prices of various products, the acquisition of older products at a much lower price, higher exports, more jobs, more investment, poverty reduction.

So, in conclusion we can say: "Both

Forum Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation as the V Summit of Heads of State of EU-LAC are useful tools for the development of our nation n, but it would be good for us to do many illusions as if all this gave a tremendous shift in our economic situation. Not impossible, but it will take perhaps good time.

"These two mechanisms also help us to learn from large countries in the world economy.

"The opportunity to host the Summit contribute beneficially to our economic development through direct factors such as investment in Peru, or indirectly through tourism would generate , a.

"We need to prepare for these events for a country that visitors see Peru as a country suitable for investment and tourism.

Hope this is not a simple dialogue and agreement. But that outlines goals are met and to carry out specific jobs, not for the sake of a few ... but for the sake of the whole population.